Cystitis

Common symptoms of cystitis include:

• A frequent urge to urinate
• Pain or a burning sensation while urinating
• Cloudy or strong-smelling urine
• Lower abdominal pain or pressure
• Blood in the urine (hematuria)
• Feeling tired or generally unwell

The most common cause of cystitis is a bacterial infection in the urinary tract, usually from E. coli bacteria that enter the urethra. Other causes include:

• Sexual activity
• Poor hygiene
• Holding urine for long periods
• Certain irritants (e.g., soaps, lotions, or feminine products)
• Bladder stones or an enlarged prostate in men

Cystitis is typically treated with antibiotics to clear the infection. Over-the-counter pain relief, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen, may help relieve discomfort. Drinking plenty of water and using a heating pad on the abdomen can also help alleviate symptoms.

To reduce the risk of cystitis:

• Drink plenty of water to flush out bacteria
• Urinate after sex to help remove bacteria
• Wipe from front to back after using the toilet
• Avoid irritants like harsh soaps, douches, or scented feminine products
• Wear loose-fitting clothing and cotton underwear to reduce moisture buildup

While cystitis is more common in women, men can also develop it, particularly if they have conditions like an enlarged prostate or urinary tract blockages. Symptoms and treatment are similar to those in women.

Yes, some people experience recurrent cystitis. If you have frequent infections, your doctor may recommend longer-term antibiotic treatment or other measures to reduce the risk of recurrence, such as lifestyle changes or further investigations.